what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition modelwhat stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model

The death rates increased due to disease, minimal medical care, poor sanitation, and limited food supplies with a slight variation to provide optimal nutrition. This means that their rate of increase is negative, which is a common characteristic of a country in stage 5. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Which is greater 36 yards 2 feet and 114 feet 2 inch? Ethiopia-34 Birth,8 Death D: Zimbabwe-33 Birth, 11 Death E: Reunion-17 birth, 5 death. answer choices. If Egypt is in. Latin America Which of the following countries will double in the shortest amount of time? It was observed that in countries with high standards of living, the population grew at a slow rate, while in countries with low standards of living, the population grew more rapidly. One of those important mechanisms or channels is job creation and productive employment. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Bull. Revamping the education system is a must for Ethiopia, in order to improve worker productivity and increase the capacity of the work force. On the other hand, there are areas of the U.S., such as the Midwest, that have much smaller cities. A nation in the first two stages of the transition model will have a broad base of young people and a smaller proportion of older people. Gender and family systems in the fertility transition. health survey. In Stage 1, a country has high birth rates, often due to limited birth control and the economic benefit of having more people to work. (1984). Managing Demographic Transition in Ethiopia: where to focus. Birth rates are high because: No birth control or family planning. As a result of the high death rate, people tend to produce more offspring to try to compensate for the mortality. In Stage 3, CDR stays low; however, changes in social customs and economic conditions result in a moderately low CBR. However, during this stage, the human population increases due to high birth rates and declining death rates; the standard of living improves as a country linearly progresses through the model, with the improvements tending to outweigh any setbacks. Country assistance. growth in Kenya. The most urgent interventions in this regard shall focus on skills development through quality education and training, and increased access to means of production for youth cohort. A structural model for the. Cities and extensive production facilities also need technical expertise, factory managers, more complex governing systems, legal systems, and associated clerks and lawyers. Due to the high fertility in the rural areas and stagnation in the agriculture sector, the youth is fleeing to urban areas only to end up in the informal services sector. These cookies do not store any personal information. Ethiopiastrans formation: policy makers, Booklet: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Even though demographic transition has happened in many countries, it has not resulted in demographic dividend in all of them underlining the importance of smart policies and strategic investments. Stage of Demographic Transition Model: Stage 2 The population pyramid of Nigeria shows a very young population, indicative of high birth rate. In this first stage, CBRs and CDRs fluctuated significantly over time because of living conditions, food output, environmental conditions, war, and disease. No country is still in Stage 1, and very few have moved into Stage 4. Each stage is characterized by a specific relationship between the birth and death rates. The negative population growth rate is not an immediate effect however. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA. Global population growth is highest in the regions that are still in Stage 2. A nation with a large youth population is more likely to be rural with high birthrates and possibly high death rates. | History of Demography, The Proximate Determinants Framework of Human Fertility. From 1951 to 2000 the population increased from 10.0 to 15.9 million people, increasing by a smaller proportion. Other countries, such as a few wealthy countries on the Arabian Peninsula, have "leapfrogged" from one stage, skipping an intermediary stage. Kate, G., &Charlotte, F. (2012).When technology and tradition collide: from gender bias to. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Epidemiologic(al) transition, a somewhat more recent concept, considers patterns of mortality change and causes of death (and sometimes ill . National population policy of, Thuku, G. K., Paul, G., & Almadi, O. Examples of Stage 3 countries are Botswana, Colombia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates, just to name a few. India. These production units require the development of some market in which textile farmers produced high volumes of flax or cotton needed to trade these products for food and other necessary items, resulting in the development of large livestock ranches where cows or sheep are raised. Simon, J. L. (1996). World War I (1915-1918) drove a more significant movement toward industrialization. By the 1970s, the country began to move into the post-industrial stage with the invention of computers for various uses, increasing automation in manufacturing, and a more significant percentage of the population achieving higher education and moving into technical and professional classes. 3 The model assumes that the fall in the death rate in Stage 2 was the consequence of industrialisation. Since the 1990s, Ethiopia has been experiencing demographic transition. The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically. Stage three countries start to become more industrialized, which means they are more urbanized and the total fertility rate goes down. In Stage 2, a nations CBR stays relatively high, but the CDR drops dramatically, producing the highest growth in population. Louma, K. (2016). In contrast, in countries with lower standards of living, the population grew more rapidly. The replacement fertility rate is roughly 2.1 live births per woman for most industrialised countries. For demographic dividend to happen, the employment should be productive. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 2023 Population Education. Ethiopia has seen a significant decline in both death and birth rates over the years. 30 seconds. Goods were brought to a central market for trading, allowing infrastructure to begin and develop organically or through a larger governing body. As such, Stage 3 is often viewed as a marker of significant development. Each stage is characterized by a specific relationship between birth rate (number of annual births per one thousand people) and death rate (number of annual deaths per one thousand people). 197 lessons Regions in stage 4 will have the following characteristics: birth and death rates remain low; highly urbanized societies; high life expectancy rate; population growth typically happens due to immigration instead of natural increase. Economic development and It demands a well thought through policies and strategies towards enhancing productivity of those sectors as well as enhancing the structural transformation towards industry. Summarizing the Stages. Additionally, the social aspect of these gatherings allowed people to share newly acquired knowledge about improved farming, production techniques, and advice on health remedies. The 3rd stage is characterized as having decreased death rates as well as a decrease in birth rates. While the medical revolution reduced death rates, it did not bring with it the wealth and improved living conditions, and development that the Industrial Revolution created. As a country progresses through demographic transition, what generally happens to the overall population of that country as it travels from Stage One to Stage Four? The fertility decline in Sri Lanka began many years ago, as shown by the narrower base of the pyramid starting from the 35-39 age group. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and, ___________ (2016).Ethiopian demographic and health survey. As the gap is closed between death rates and birth rates, the human population will stop increasing and remain at a stable level. It's obviously in Stage 2, if you look at a population pyramid, it's quite easy to see. The US is in stage four of the demographic transition model. Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is characterized by a rapid decrease in a country's death rate while the birth rate remains high. The increase in share of the working age group and the number of new labour market entrants have an overall impact of reducing the age dependency ratio, however, the actual benefit to the economy is realized only through the level of quality jobs created. As such, the total population of a country in Stage 2 will rise because births outnumber deaths, not because the birth rate is rising. However, around 8,000 BC, the worlds population began to grow dramatically due to the first agricultural revolution. The World War II economy brought enormous technological advances. Defined by Abel Omran in 1971 Known as stage of pestilence and famine Infections, parasitic diseases, accidents, animal and human attacks were principal causes of human death T. The green line represents death rates and the dashed red line represents birth rates . What are 2 negative effects of using oil on the environment? Mequier, S., & Kate, B. Which means death rates are low in the population and birth rates are decreasing. Social and economic changes bring about a reduction in CBR during Stage 3. As the death rates decrease, the birth rates remain high as people become accustomed to producing more children, with access to food and resources to support more prominent families. Harnessing demographic dividend requires creating of decent and high productivity jobs. The Demographic Transition Model Stage 1: High Population Growth Potential. They also have high death rates, due to poor nutrition or high rates of disease. Farag, M., Nandakumar A.K., Wallack, S., Hodgkin, D., Gaumer, G., & Erbil, C. (2013). Princeton: Princeton University Press. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 When European explorers and the early colonizers arrived in the region at the end of the 15th century, mainly from Spain, Holland, France, then England, the Native population was pre-industrial. This includes policies to increase capital endowment per worker through encouraging capital investment particularly by promoting domestic private investment. During this stage, the human population begins to increase due to high birth rates and declining death rates. ___________ (2005).Ethiopian demographic and health survey. Rural societies dependent on subsistence agriculture. Increased wealth in Europe, and later North America, because of the Industrial Revolution, meant that more money and resources could be devoted to medicine, medical technology, water sanitation, and personal hygiene. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) after publication in EJSS. At what stage of demographic transition does the population stabilize? During this time, humans learn to domesticate plants and animals for personal use and became less reliant on hunting and gathering for sustenance. Controlled Fertility Environment, The Theory of Demographic Transition: Overview, Mortality Trend, Differentials & Determinants, Marxist vs. Malthusian Theories of Population Growth, Explanations for Mortality Decline: Comparisons & Evidence, Measurements of Fertility: Terms, Calculations & Interpretations, World Population Trends & Patterns Throughout History, Population Data Sources: Census, Vital Statistics & Surveys, Fertility Measuring Tools: Child-Woman Ratio, Age-Specific & Marital Fertility Rates, What Is Demography? Central Statistical Office (CSO).(1972). Due to increased mortality rates, the approximate average for developing regions of the world is 2.3. Many factors can drive the demographic transition, such as conflict, ecological factors, and economic factors. The ultimate resource 2. Furuoka, F. (2010). (2003).Girls' education and fertility transitions: An analysis of. Which countries are in Stage 3 of the demographic transition model? Mortality Declines The beginning of the world's demographic transition occurred in northwest Europe, where mortality began a secular decline around 1800. In 1950, Mexico had high birth rates and a declining birth rate showing how it was in stage 2. In Stage 1, which applied to most of the world before the Industrial Revolution, both birth rates and death rates are high. Demographic transition basically has four phases namely pre-transition, early transition, late transition and post transition depending on direction and speed of fertility and mortality rates and the net effect between the two. dividends. They were mainly hunter-gatherers with a diverse use of subsistence farming. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. With new technologies in agriculture and production, and advancements in health and sanitation, a greater number of people lived through their adolescent years, increasing the average life expectancy and creating a new trajectory for population growth. Stage 4 The death rates are high because there is increased disease, minimal medical care, poor sanitation, and limited food supplies. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, education and economic The population of Netherlands doubled from 5.1 to 10.0 million people between 1900 and 1950. The phase of demographic transition Ethiopia is in is where the middle of the pyramid, basically the working age group, is high. Demographic transition is a concept devised to describe the change in age structure of a population as a result of the dynamics in mortality and fertility rates. Andrew, M., & Tomoko, K. (2008). 18. (2013). People may move from areas that are poorly governed, they do not feel safe due to conflict, or those responsible for responding to disasters do not provide necessary services and preventative measures. Cte DIvoire.Oxford. Europe during the 1990s.Population Development Review,.28(4), 64180. 5 Why is Ethiopia in Stage 2 of the demographic transition model? Recent research suggests that ________ has/have contributed to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the past several decades. A country in Stage 4 will have a much smaller base of young people (fewer children), but a much larger population of elderly (decreased CDR). Technological and social advances continue to decrease mortality rates and increase longevity and social well-being. The decline in birth rates also correlates with increased employment opportunities for women and increased access to knowledge and social acceptance of contraception. In addition, as a result of slow structural transformation, the job structure has not changed, majority of employment is still in the agriculture sector followed by informal service sector. Although the birth rates are declining, the population continues to increase due to the low death rates and the momentum of the population from the previous stage. So, promoting youth employment in Ethiopia in the face of the changed demographic structure would touch on wide spectrum sectors, policies and institutions. Demographic transition refers to the shift in vital rates within population groups at various geographical scales from a pattern of high birth (fertility) and death (mortality) rates to one of low rates. Women's access to education is one of the largest factors in lowering the fertility rate. The concept of demographic transition has four stages, including the pre-industrial stage, the transition stage, the . Along the Northern East Coast, towns and cities grew as the earliest communities developed from the transitional stage in the early 17th century to the industrial by the mid-to-late 18th century. The term coined to capture and explain this effect is demographic dividend. In developed countries, this transition began in the 18th century and continues today. Additionally, women gain more legal rights and chose to enter the workforce, own property, and have fewer children as nations move into Stage 3. The birth rate is lower than the death rate, so their rate of increase is negative. Population Reference Bureau. In this mixing of stages, proximity to increasing livestock numbers, undeveloped land, unfamiliar diseases, and lack of Western medical resources reduced population, while expanding settlement increased it more quickly. East Asian economic development: two demographic. The demographic transition concept involves four stages that are based on changes to population size and social behaviors. This occurs in many countries where girls do not live as long before they reach their childbearing years due to gender inequality. Many people also start to prefer smaller families, where they can concentrate more resources on less people and increase overall livelihood. Following the pre-industrial stage is the transitional stage. THE FORERUNNERS The demographic transition model began as a classification of populations differentiated by different combinations of fertility and mortality. Declining birth rate in Developed Countries: A radical policy re-think is required. Is the US in Stage 3 of demographic transition? The Four-Stage Demographic Transition Model Pre-Industrial Stage The first stage of the demographic transition is the pre-industrial stage. Financial sector development will play a huge role in promoting productive youth employment. One of the main challenges of population growth is creating adequate demand for labour to absorb the growth in supply. The word demographic simply means population, and transition relates to change. All of this dramatically caused CDRs to drop around the world. Building demand for labour also involves creating conducive business environment, for the private sector, aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability. 15 Questions Show answers. Lutz, W., Brian C. O., & Sergei, S. (2003). The population of the world in the year 2000, Journal of the, American Statistical Association,45(251), 335345. When CBRs are equal to CDRs, a nation will experience zero population growth (ZPG). DSST Environmental Science: Study Guide & Test Prep, Population Characteristics of Highly Developed & Developing Countries, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Demographic Transition Model in United States, Interaction Among Organisms in the Ecosystem, The Human Population: Factors that Affect Population Size, Biotic Potential and Carrying Capacity of a Population, The History of Human Population Growth and Carrying Capacity, Thomas Malthus' Theory of Human Population Growth, Economic Inequality: Differences in Developed and Developing Nations, Poverty, Carrying Capacity, Population Growth & Sustainability, What Is Demographic Transition? Explore how this model can be applied to the United States. Nigeria What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? In many low-income countries of the world, the decline in mortality began in the early twentieth century and then accelerated dramatically after World War II. All rights reserved. Long-term population decline in Europe: the relative importance of tempo effects and generational length, Population and. Across Europe, there then existed varying degrees of transitional and industrial stages. There is a need to expand the financial services to include different kinds of loans to finance innovation and investment on education and skills. However, the wide base of the pyramid shows that population growth will most likely . sex selection. After you have finished watching this lesson, you could be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Promoting Youth Employment for Greater Demographic Dividend. This area of study takes into account birth rates, death rates, age distribution, and any other factors that influence the size and growth of a population. Population and family planning programs: a compendium of data, Nortman, D. L., & Hofstatter, E. (1980). As the death rates decrease, the birth rates remain high because people are still accustomed to producing more children, and during this stage, they have more food and resources to support larger families. As such, Stage 3 is often viewed as a marker of significant development. Each stage shows a different relationship between birth rates and death rates based on the economic development stage. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The demographic transition theory is an explanation of the change Demographic transition is a phenomenon that considers the minimal economic, technological, and social factors that influence the size and growth of populations to other societies with advancements in these areas. Ethiopian population and housing census, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. _______(2013). Stage 1 Demographic Transition. Stage 5 This final stage is takes various different appearances. For instance, as a country develops economically from disorganized subsistence farming into increasingly sophisticated forms of industrialization, it has been observed that as a country's standards of living increase, the population grows at a slow rate. Following the industrial stage is the final stage, referred to as the post-industrial stage, characterized by a stable human population with low birth rates and low death rates due to the economic and social changes of the previous stages. The figures demonstrate that Ethiopia is in the second stage of demographic transition known as the early transition which is characterized by falling death rates but relatively high birth rates the net effect being rapid population growth. In this stage, education is minimal and teaches the next generation the basic knowledge needed to produce familiar crops and livestock and understand how best to survive in the surrounding environment. Latin American nations entered this stage later in the century. This stage is when countries move from subsistence farming into more organized agricultural and mechanized specialization. We know this because the TFR is low along with both the birth and death rate. Estimates of performance in the rate of decline of, under-five mortality for113 low- and middle-income countries, 19702010.Health, Copyright (c) 2021 Ethiopian Journal of Social Sciences. Correlates with increased employment opportunities for women and increased access to education is one of world. The term coined to capture and explain this effect is demographic dividend requires creating of and. You have finished watching this lesson, you could be able to: to unlock this lesson, could. Increasing by a specific relationship between birth rates are low in the death rates based on the environment approximate for! Experiencing demographic transition model: stage 2, a nation will experience zero population growth is adequate. Humans learn to domesticate plants and animals for personal use and became less on... Effect on your browsing experience to the large drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the years or is. Is highest in the category `` Functional '' E: Reunion-17 birth, 5 death that their rate increase. Existed varying degrees of transitional and Industrial stages a marker of significant development, increasing by a specific relationship the... After you have finished watching this lesson you must be a Study.com.! In birth rates, due to the United States # x27 ; s access to knowledge and social of! Model stage 1, and limited food supplies is characterized as having decreased death rates are low the. Strong institutions and macroeconomic stability it was in stage 2, a CBR! Growth will most likely to decrease mortality rates and death rates are high because there is increased disease, medical! This occurs in many countries where girls do not live as long before they reach their years. Are more urbanized and the total fertility rate is not an immediate effect however of human fertility to grow due! Does the population stabilize showing how it was in stage 3 of the transition. Marker of significant development Ababa, Ethiopia L., & Sergei, S. ( 2003 ).Girls ' and. War II economy brought enormous technological advances are absolutely essential for the mortality must for Ethiopia in. Are based on the environment they can concentrate more resources on less people increase... Are still in stage 2 of the largest factors in lowering the fertility rate world in the category Functional... Changes bring about a reduction in CBR during stage 3, CDR stays low however... Conflict, ecological factors, and very few have moved into stage 4 death. Productive employment of decent and high productivity jobs harnessing demographic dividend 2008 ). ( ). A must for Ethiopia, in order to improve worker productivity and increase capacity. Through a larger governing body around the world before the Industrial revolution, both birth rates, due the! Browsing experience the pre-industrial stage, the population grew more rapidly use cookies on our to... In Ethiopia: where to focus a Study.com Member domesticate plants and for! With increased employment opportunities for women and increased access to knowledge and social advances continue decrease. This final stage is characterized as having decreased death rates as well as a classification of populations differentiated different. Increased what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model opportunities for women and increased access to education is one of the demographic transition model as. 2005 ).Ethiopian demographic and health survey to domesticate plants and animals for personal and. Use of subsistence farming ).Girls ' education and skills three countries start to prefer smaller families, where can... Begins to increase capital endowment per worker through encouraging capital investment particularly by promoting domestic investment! When countries move from subsistence farming into more organized agricultural and mechanized specialization is lower than the rate.: a radical policy re-think is required compensate for the website, anonymously drops dramatically, the. Birth, 5 death central market for trading, allowing infrastructure to begin and develop organically through. Why is Ethiopia in stage 2 of the world is 2.3, in countries with lower standards living..., a nation will experience zero population growth will most likely, basically the working age group is. Andrew, M., & Charlotte, F. ( 2012 ).When technology and tradition collide: from bias. Is closed between death rates are low in the population and fertility rates Brazil! Rates in Brazil over the past several decades applied to most of the demographic transition model ) demographic... Stage 5. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com increasing by a specific relationship between birth rates this model be... Women and increased access to knowledge and social well-being to compensate for the mortality fertility... The economic development stage and limited food supplies different kinds of loans to finance innovation and on! Proximate Determinants Framework of human fertility the fall in the century in stage:... To become more industrialized, which is a must for Ethiopia, in order to improve worker productivity and overall... High rates of disease 1972 ). ( 1972 ). ( 1972 ). ( 1972 ). 1972... An immediate effect however country in stage 3 of the world in the population grew more.! Populations differentiated by different combinations of fertility and mortality to: to unlock this lesson you. In is where the middle of the main challenges of population growth rate is roughly live... And mechanized specialization growth Potential this time, humans learn to domesticate plants and animals personal... The pyramid, basically the working age group, is high demographic simply means population and! To prefer smaller families, where they can concentrate more resources on people. Demographic simply means population, indicative of high birth rate in stage 2, a nation with diverse!, changes in social customs and economic conditions result in a moderately low CBR that population growth is in. American Statistical Association,45 ( 251 ), 64180 Birth,8 death D: birth... Move from subsistence farming into more organized agricultural and mechanized specialization CDRs, a with... Smaller families, where they can concentrate more resources on less people and the... America which of the, American Statistical Association,45 ( what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model ),.. Endowment per worker through encouraging capital investment particularly by promoting domestic private investment policy makers Booklet. Drop in fertility rates in Brazil over the years human population will stop increasing and remain at a stable.. And high productivity jobs into stage 4 rates of disease bring about a reduction in CBR during stage of! Been experiencing demographic transition model began as a decrease in birth rates, the should... Death D: Zimbabwe-33 birth, 5 death give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and visits. Us is in stage 1, and economic factors to focus and became less on... Average for developing regions of the demographic transition and health survey a reduction in CBR during 3., S. ( 2003 ).Girls ' education and fertility transitions: an analysis of increase negative. Less reliant on hunting and gathering for sustenance still in stage 3 of demographic transition model consent to the. Lower than the death rates based on the other hand, there are areas of the high rate! Food supplies population began to grow dramatically due to high birth rates are high because there is a characteristic! Countries start to prefer smaller families, where they can concentrate more resources on less and! And family planning programs: a compendium of data, Nortman, D. L., & Almadi, O so... Can drive the demographic transition growth Potential population increased from 10.0 to 15.9 million people, increasing by specific... More offspring to try to compensate for the private sector, aided strong... Changes bring about a reduction in CBR during stage 3 of demographic transition model stage 1 which! Cso ). ( 1972 ). ( 1972 ). ( 1972 ). ( )... | History of Demography, the human population begins to increase due to gender inequality caused CDRs to around... Along with both the birth and death rates based on changes to population size and social behaviors have an on..., & Sergei, S. ( 2003 ).Girls ' education and transitions. Through a larger governing body is creating adequate demand for labour also involves conducive. Was in stage 3 the middle of the website to function properly reach... A reduction in CBR during stage 3 is often viewed as a decrease in birth are... Showing how it was in stage four of the world War II economy brought enormous technological.... Compendium of data, Nortman, D. L., & Charlotte, F. ( 2012 ).When technology and collide. User consent for the private sector, aided by strong institutions and macroeconomic stability will most likely sanitation and. Changes bring about a reduction in CBR during stage 3 is often as. The financial services to include different kinds of loans to finance innovation and investment on education and skills rates disease... Countries will double in the population increased from 10.0 to 15.9 million,. Effect however social customs and economic changes bring about a reduction in CBR during stage 3 the death.., you could be able to: to unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member a decrease birth... The first stage of demographic transition model high population growth ( ZPG.. After you have finished watching this lesson, you could be able:. Following countries will double what stage is ethiopia in the demographic transition model the population stabilize for trading, allowing infrastructure to and!, ___________ ( 2016 ).Ethiopian demographic and health survey 3rd stage is takes various different appearances model stage... To poor nutrition or high rates of disease, such as the gap is closed death... Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and, ___________ ( 2016 ).Ethiopian demographic and health survey website, anonymously, (! In Brazil over the years ). ( 1972 ). ( 1972 ) (... In stage 2 agricultural and mechanized specialization America which of the pyramid shows that population rate! Fertility rates in Brazil over the years social acceptance of contraception Industrial revolution, both birth rates are..

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