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"The company has sufficient funds to cover its recurrent expenditure under the current plan and is debt free.". If BCL comes to the table and publicly acknowledges its role on the Bougainville war, perhaps the healing process can begin. Today in Naval History - Naval / Maritime Events in History Other Events on 17 September 1574 - Death of Pedro Menndez de Avils, Spanish admiral and. 60 Minutes' report, "Seeing Red," on China in the Pacific airs at 8.30pm on Sunday November 17, 2019. In this respect, BCL can make an important contribution to democracy and reconciliation in Bougainville by, a) fully disclosing their role in the conflict; and b) making amends with those affected by their actions. Papua New Guinea Mine Watch. We are ready to enter into discussions with the communities that have filed the complaint, along with other relevant parties such as BCL and the governments of ABG and PNG. Paul Toohey 7 min read June 4, 2013 - 5:36PM News Corp Australia Network mining In particular Axel G Sturm argued: "Your disgraceful lampoon is remarkable. He took part in the Seven Years' War in North America and the American Revolutionary War against Britain. Adams said she doesnt agree with that reasoning, which she said has become something of a mantra for the company since its divestment in 2016. Economic structure and growth 1. 5. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com, There are no reviews yet. The petition has brought the plight of these communities back into the media, but calls for Rio Tinto to clean up its mess have been made for decades. When Prime Minister Namaliu opted to send a peace delegation to Bougainville to resolve the impasse with landowners in December 1988, BCL's Chairman - who was also an executive at Conzinc Rio Tinto Australia (CRA) - threatened to withdraw all CRA investments from Papua New Guinea. The Duke of Edinburgh visits in 1971 22:25. During its operation from 1972-1989, the mine operator, then a subsidiary of Rio Tinto, dumped one billion tonnes of mining waste into Bougainville's rivers with devastating environmental consequences. The villages were varying from five or six houses to twenty or thirty houses" (Personal Communication, 2006). The political structure of Bougainville as an autonomous region within Papua New Guinea reflects the important need, following the civil war, for parliamentary representation of different interest groups. This letter included comments that bordered on the slanderous. A BCL General Manager from the period recalls: "We did everything they asked of us to make their life more comfortable, and better able to manage through, with transport, communications, provisions, whatever, fuel. They cannot rely on the land anymore to produce what they need.. She and her colleagues contend that shedding its shares in Bougainville Copper, which controls the still-abandoned mine, does nothing to absolve Rio Tinto from its responsibility to improve the lives of the people who are still affected by the mining operations to this day. BCL was aware of the illicit tactics being employed by the government's security forces, yet still availed company assets to the PNGDF and RPNGC. However, China is also sniffing around opportunities in Bougainville, although not necessarily the Panguna mine itself, which was valued recently at a staggering $US58 billion ($84 billion). The natives of Papua New Guinea are to be trained to work in the copper mines 14:03. Rebel guerillas above the Panguna copper and gold mine in Bougainville in 1994. [8], During 2017, President Momis and the Autonomous Bougainville Government advocated for the re-opening of the Panguna mine. But what lies ahead remains deeply concerning for the people of Bougainville, according to the people that Adams and her colleagues spoke with, who said they have been left with few options. If you wish to join the group, please state who you are and what relationship you had with Bougainville. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Moreover, noted McLeod, Bougainville is "right in the middle of a number of territories in the South Pacific. Grow your brand authentically by sharing brand content with the internets creators. However, democratic decision making about the future depends upon accurate knowledge of the past. The access road to the mine is cut 14:22. Were working to restore it. They made this request in full knowledge of the Mobile Squads' chequered human rights record. Environment Minister Sussan Ley faces a critical test: will she let a mine destroy koala breeding grounds? BOC's core objective is to work cooperatively towards realising the vision of resuming active exploration and sustainable copper, gold and silver mining at Panguna . "President (John) Momis has been proactive in assisting the company carry out safety work. 0:02 / 17:58 Bougainville rebels guard the Panguna mine site in 1996. Man in the laboratory testing the soil for copper content 8:54. Its sole director is Arabian horse breeder and luxury goods dealer Jeff McGlinn a man who posted a flashy social media video of Saudi royalty at a luxury event, and another of him giving one of his fine equines to classical crossover singer Andrea Bocelli. Rio Tinto, therefore, is of the view that it is for the people of Bougainville to determine their future, including any potential redevelopment of the mine.. Bougainville Copper (ISIN PG0008526520) is an Australian-listed copper company which lost its main asset due to a civil war on the island of Bougainville during the 1990s. Luke Fletcher, a long-time Bougainville watcher and executive director of think tank Jubilee Australia warns of the resources curse that has plagued PNG. On November 23, Bougainvilleans will go to the polls and are expected to vote overwhelmingly for independence from Papua New Guinea. I spent several nights in a large two-story house built entirely from a single tree dragged out of the tailings dragged upright, with a tractor. Mining operations were officially halted on 15 May 1989, due to militant activity and the mine has remained closed since. View of Melbourne, Australia 12:09. However, perhaps the ESBC's President needs reminding, the greatest threat to BCL's future remains its unacknowledged past. The colonial-era approach to mining when Panguna was developed in the 1960s stands in stark contrast to the corporate social responsibility paradigm supposedly governing the global mining industry today. The Getty Images design is a trademark of Getty Images. It is one of the largest known copper reserves in PNG and in the world having estimated reserves of 1,000 Mt of ore grading 0.34% Cu and containing perhaps as much as 12 Moz of gold. More recently a new player, Caballus Mining, has arrived in Bougainville. Geographically, Bougainville is the largest of the Solomon Islands, located near the northern end of that chain. The two governments signed a peace deal in 2000 under which Bougainville remained part of PNG but was allowed a measure of governing autonomy. [5] This research suggested that BCL placed pressure on the PNG government to assert its authority on Bougainville, following acts of industrial sabotage. Landowner concerns with their treatment when the mine was previously operated led to civil unrest and closure of the mine. Bougainville Copper, which is no longer associated with Rio, has estimated it would take seven to eight years and $5 billion to $6 billion to rebuild the mine and resume full operations. Die Bougainville Copper Ltd.Shs Aktie wird unter der ISIN PG0008526520 an den Brsen Frankfurt, Dsseldorf, Mnchen, Stuttgart, Berlin, Sydney, Nasdaq OTC, Gettex, Tradegate, Lang & Schwarz und. 1:52 pm on 18 February 2022. But they will not suffer corporate intransigence lightly. Karoona Maket 21:14. Bougainville displays great cultural diversity in a relatively small region. Hansard editors report what politicians say in the House of Representatives. Therefore, they should do something about it.. Liked by Angus Seka. They also used information from stories compiled by the Catholic Diocese of Bougainville from affected communities between 2017 and 2019. The landowners demanded more than $10 billion in compensation. A total of K1,088 million was contributed to the National Government, which represented 62 per cent of the net cash generated by the project between 1972 1989. 19 Panguna Mine Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 19 Panguna Mine Premium High Res Photos Browse 19 panguna mine stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. The disputes between miners have been reflected in intense politicking among local landowner groups and political players on Bougainville. For an all-round overview of the Bougainville Copper story - a constant plaything of speculators - please refer back to my Weekly Dispatch of 13 March 2020. 4. But the feat came at a huge cost. Yet this reconciliation to some extent holds a key to international reconciliation among Bougainville, Australia and Papua New Guinea". It should also reveal the relevant conversations that took place between the BCL management and senior state officials during this period. AliExpress.com Product - Infinix Zero 8 8GB 128GB Smart Phone New Global Version 6.85'' 90Hz Full Screen 64MP Quad Camera 4500mAh Battery 33W Charger In 2014, the governments planned to figure out how to clean up the site, and Rio Tinto was supposed to have played a supporting role. Only then will BCL shareholders find the certainty they demand. This derelict mine caused a bloody war. Here you can read our near-verbatim reports on all debates, including oral questions and proposed laws (bills). Despite revelations aired on SBS last year, which evidenced BCL's complicity in the brutal security force operations on Bougainville, BCL and the ESBC continue to play down the company's instrumental role in the conflict. Its clear the time has come for Rio to finally take responsibility for cleaning up the mess on Bougainville. Clearly it is up to the people of Bougainville to decide how they wish to manage their natural resources. It cannot be the case that a company can be seen to improve its environmental social governance standards, simply by cutting and running from any projects that pose a high risk and high liability to them, Adams said. Available ONLINE ONLY! Bougainville Copper's bloody "hidden past" exposed Published by MAC on 2012-05-01 Source: ACT NOW!, Papua New Guinea Mine Watch . The production had a value of 5.2 billion Kina (K) which represented approximately 44 per cent of Papua New Guineas exports over that period. My specific claims relate to a small window in the company's life, 1988-1990, where decisions were taken that implicated BCL in the hostilities, and the human rights abuses they generated. The Panguna mine is a large copper resource in the east of Papua New Guinea in the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This public disclosure should document the logistical support BCL supplied to the government's security forces between December 1988 and March 1990. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k. A new port was also reportedly proposed. "Due to the loss recorded and the need to preserve cash for future development the company will not pay a dividend. I am more than happy to engage in further probing dialogue with anyone who cares to comment; but I will not react to any further personal attacks, or ill informed judgements on the rigour of my research. Bougainville landowner groups were called to vote on allowing BCL to renew their mining licence and potentially reopen the Panguna mine, but lacked support. 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The first Bougainville independence movement began to arise in the late 1960s, as people began to air their grievances against the then Australian colonial government over the handling of the Panguna mine. Upla sa complain lo governor blo upla na tok trym putm u kam daun lo level blol grass roots And here em governor blo mipla WNB (Kimbe) Action im | 23 comments on LinkedIn Bougainville Copper has a strong local board and management team that knows Bougainville extremely well. Bougainville. David Johnston (no relation to Michael) and Kalia shareholder Nick Zuks also did not return calls. The manoeuvring over the gigantic, mothballed Panguna mine comes ahead of an independence referendum later this month that could turn Bougainville into the worlds newest nation after disputes over foreign mining prompted a bloody, 10-year war that killed perhaps 15,000 people. This is evidenced in meeting minutes dated 8 June 1989. Taylor said he was more optimistic about the future of this company than any year out of the previous 20 years. Photos taken in Panguna-Loloho-Kieta during construction era plus recently added( 9/2012) booklet and article on the. So many parents spoke to us about their fears for their childrens future, Adams said. The Panguna mines footprint was gigantic, stretching across the full breadth of the central part of the island. 8. In an interview with PNG Industry News, he blamed political uncertainty in Papua New Guinea for BCL's current woes. THE BOUGAINVILLE COPPER PROJECT 1970s PANGUNA NEW GUINEA COPPER MINE PROMO FILM 69684 by PeriscopeFilm Topics 1970, Panguna, New Guinea, Copper Mine, Promo Film, Stock Footage This is a 1960's era, color movie about the Bougainville Copper Project in Papua, New Guinea. BCL meeting minutes evidence the fact that during 1989 the company's Managing Director provided strategic input to PNGDF commanders and government officials on security force offensive operations. At the time CRA was investing heavily in mineral projects at Hidden Valley in Morobe, and Mount Klare in Enga (Post-Courier, 29/11/1988; Business Review Weekly, 9/6/1989). McGlinn was last week travelling in Europe. The ore processing consists of four stages as the rocks are crushed into less than half inch units 3:40. Since the end of mining activities 30 years ago, tailings have continued to move down the rivers and the waterways have never been treated for suspected chemical contamination. The 156 complainants live in communities around and downstream of the mine. The mine itself and specifically what some saw as the inequitable sharing of the profits played a part in precipitating almost a decade of civil war between Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Bougainville beginning in 1989 and led Rio Tinto to abandon completely the mine by 1990. BCL operated the copper, gold and silver mine at the Panguna mine on Bougainville Island in PNG from 1971 to 1989. In-depth copper exploration started in 1964 8:15. Local workers work the mine and ships in the bay in the new economy 27:44. The Panguna copper mine in Bougainville was closed in 1989. divested its shares and walked away in 2016. Adams and her colleagues documented the mines legacy as it continues to disrupt the lives of the 12,000 to 14,000 people who live downstream in a report released April 1. The copper slurry is then pumped to the seacoast 4:38. Another significant shareholder, Graeme Kirke, is the founder of Kirke Securities where Mr Forrest previously worked. Your naive adoption of statements and claims from rebel groups on the ground disqualify you as an honest scientistI suppose your work in Ulster [Northern Ireland], a region well known for rebellion and organised crime, troubled your visionUnfortunately you are also allowed to spread your ideas among you students. Allegations have been made that BCL's Chairman supported the military blockade which was placed around Bougainville during 1990 - this blockade included the denial of humanitarian aid. catshez@gmail.com. I also interviewed senior state officials in Papua New Guinea, including the former Prime Minister Sir Rabbie Namaliu (1988-1992), and senior military officers involved in the operations on Bougainville. Bougainville Copper trained some 12,000 employees, including approximately 1,000 completing full trade apprenticeships and some 400 completing graduate and post-graduate studies that resulted in considerable progress in the localisation of the companys employees and significantly added to the number of skilled workers elsewhere in the countrys workforce. A Shell gas station 21:35. 4. And the team learned of the perils of fording rivers subject to sudden floods as aging tailings dams from the 80s begin to fail. In fact Mr Lasslett's critique of the company's complicity in human rights abuses, during the first 15 months of the bloody conflict, is quite measured. Men discuss the new project in Papua New Guinea 10:35. Heavy trucks sit rusting on the edges of Panguna copper mine, closed in 1989 as a result of sabotage. Concrete is poured for foundations 16:15. Because of this, no dividends will be paid, chairman Peter Taylor announced at BCL's 45th annual general meeting in Port Moresby. Bougainville Copper Limited 10:15. Eighteen months later, Rio Tinto decided to divest from its local subsidiary in control of the Panguna mine, Bougainville Copper Limited, handing over its majority stake to the governments of PNG and Bougainville. Water flows were blocked in many places, creating large areas of swampland and disrupting the livelihoods of hundreds of people in communities downstream of the mine. Men crush rocks in the river looking for minerals 8:05. In turn, the landowner groups supporting BCLs plans to reopen Panguna have also come under fire. The disposal of hundreds of millions of tonnes of tailings into the Kawerong-Jaba river system created enormous problems. Kalias bid is financially supported by a company run by Australian polo patriarch Peter Yunghanns. Computers anticipate marketing and management challenges for the exploration 12:05. In all, it was an unsatisfactory meeting". Bougainville Copper Ltd (BCL) yesterday announced a loss of K3.7 million in 2011, compared to an anticipated loss of K7.3 million, reports The National. Sale today only. Banner image of the Panguna mine tailings wasteland courtesy of the Human Rights Law Centre. [6], In his first statement on Radio Australia Pacific Beat on 8 June 2010, the newly elected President of Bougainville, John Momis, declared that the Panguna mine has to be reopened to assure Bougainville's future economic growth. London Calling asks: did Rio Tinto fund war on Bougainville? Bougainville Copper now has three offices, located in Port Moresby, Buka and Arawa. It is astonishing, in light of these facts, BCL would appoint Sir Rabbie Namaliu to the Board of Directors, and that the ESBC would support this decision. "There are activities on foot in several areas that can positively assist Bougainville Copper Ltd make a return to profitable mining," he said. This was largely triggered by the mines environmental and social impacts, including disputes over the sharing of its economic benefits and the impacts of those benefits on predominantly cashless societies. But that race has also already sparked intense political disagreement between rival groups on the island. Heavy trucks sit rusting on the edges of Panguna copper mine, closed in 1989 as a result of sabotage.Credit:Friedrich Stark / Alamy Stock Photo. BCL operated the copper, gold and silver mine at the Panguna mine on Bougainville Island in PNG from 1971 to 1989. (AAP Image: Ilya Gridneff) The Bougainville Government has also criticised the consortium for paying landowners who support them and implied it is not respecting the approval process. Land clearing begins 15:40. BCL is an independently managed company of PNG that is working towards the vision of resuming. Bougainville has voted to become a new country, but the journey to independence is not yet over, PNG marks 40 years of independence, still feeling the effects of Australian colonialism, allegedly under strong political pressure. In 2010, using interviews with BCL executives and internal company documents, Dr Kristian Lasslet of the University of Ulster published adverse findings about the company from during the period of civil war. SYDNEY, Aug 29 (Reuters) - Communities around Rio Tinto's (RIO.AX), (RIO.L) shuttered copper mine in Bougainville face a serious threat of flooding due to unstable mine instrastructure, an. A map overlays the scene at the mine 27:04. International Organization Foundation How Do Natural Resources Influence Civil War? Iron ore magnate Andrew "Twiggy" Forrest has joined the race with an unruly bunch of small, struggling mining companies, all with links to Australia and share prices of 10c or less, for access to some of the worlds biggest copper and gold deposits on the Pacific island of Bougainville. I remained somewhat aloof during the controversy elicited by an SBS report in June 2011, as I feel my research speaks for itself - on reflection, I perhaps erred in not correcting factual inaccuracies that were subsequently reported in the media (see Callick 2011). But the defense force was not properly equipped at all" (Personal Communication, 2006). On satellite images, the Panguna mine yawns amid the otherwise green mountain forests of central Bougainville Island in the South Pacific, a silty river valley tracing a jagged path from the mine south and west to Empress Augusta Bay. Politics is played extremely robustly in PNG and the facts/truth are often amongst the first casualties, Carrick said via email from his Perth office. Bougainville Copper Limited (BOC), an ASX-listed company, is an independently-managed company of Papua New Guinea that is publicly listed on the ASX (Australian Securities Exchange). A family carries large, tropical leaves up a hill. I consider that issue now resolved.-- * Kristian Lasslett is a Lecturer in Criminology at the University of Ulster and he sits on the Executive Board of the International State Crime Initiative. One of the key proponents of the company's innocence is major BCL stockholder, the highly-irascible Axel Sturm. Mongabay Series: Land rights and extractives. The Panguna mine was operated by BCL, majority owned by Rio Tinto, for 17 years from 1972 until 1989, when operations were suspended due to an uprising against the mine and subsequent civil war. Read more: 2023 Getty Images. The company purportedly aided the security forces by providing them with trucks, fuel, accommodation, communications equipment, storage space, messing facilities and office resources after concerns about human rights abuses became apparent. That legislation was later rejected by the government's legislative committee, illustrating how politically contentious this issue will be in an independent Bougainville. We believe in the future of mining truck mobility. Optimizing productivity and improving safety. Rocks are crushed and sorted 2:51. <br><br>Very keen to master the art of managing projects and providing sound team management and people leadership. BCL hit back saying the landowners association (known as SMLOLA) is a new invention and points to recent statements disputing its provenance. In particular, the former Prime Minister and Foreign Minister (1988-1992) of Papua New Guinea, Sir Michael Somare, alleges that the Chairman stated lets "starve the bastards out". Francis Ona and other landowners on the island of Bougainville were concerned about the environmental impact of the Panguna cooper mine operated by Bougainville Copper Ltd. since 1969, including possible environmental damage to the Jaba River from the copper mine. In the 17 years prior to 1989, the mine produced concentrate containing three million tonnes of copper, 306 tonnes of gold and 784 tonnes of silver. The Panguna copper mine in Bougainville was closed in 1989.Credit:Alamy, There is at times frustration when some purporting to speak on behalf of all landowners are in fact representing a narrower interest. Environment Minister Sussan Ley faces a critical test: will she let a mine destroy koala breeding grounds? Discontent was brought to a head in 1988 by a long-running dispute over the uneven economic returns and environmental impacts from Panguna copper mine. Equipment from Japan arrives for storage at the mine 24:00. Bougainville has a long human history with the first inhabitants arriving around 29,000 years ago. The power station requires extensive earthwork 17:42. When a large-scale mining project reaches the end of its commercial life, a comprehensive mine closure and rehabilitation plan is usually put in place. The board is led by chairman Sir Melchior Togolo, a prominent Bougainvillean, with extensive experience in the minerals sector. It was operated by Bougainville Copper Limited, a subsidiary of what is now Rio Tinto, until 2016 when Rio handed its shares to the governments of Bougainville and PNG. The Rio Tinto spokesperson said that when it gifted its shares of Bougainville Copper, the arrangement provided a platform of support for the PNG Government and the Bougainville government to work together on future options for the resource.. The PNG national government received a 20% share of profit from the mine, of which the Bougainvilleans received 5% - 1.25% share of the total profit.[3]. Read more: The Sherratt Family, UK. Even the subsistence farming on which many local communities rely has been hampered by the tainted water flowing from the mine. New services are provided with trained personnel 19:33. Sale ends. The PNG national government received a 20% share of profit from the mine, of which the Bougainvilleans received 5% - 1.25% share of the total profit. It was a critical but hopefully constructive piece, on how BCL might mend certain bridges with communities on Bougainville, using fairly orthodox transitional justice techniques. ( Image from archives via Bougainville Copper Limited.) Heavy fuel storage tanks 11:30. [2], The mine was vitally important to the economy of Papua New Guinea. This claim was confirmed by a senior civil servant who was working in Papua New Guinea's Prime Minister's department: "We relied heavily on some of the civilian facilities provided by the company. Bougainville Island, easternmost island of Papua New Guinea, in the Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific. Of course, I can only hint here at the evidence collected over several years of doctoral research. Australian External Territories Minister Charles Barnes was accused of telling the Bougainvillean people they would "get nothing". As the last ten years has proven, Bougainvilleans are a forgiving people. For example, BCL was informed by the Minister of State that the security forces were planning to use "brutal firepower" to resolve the situation on Bougainville. The mine, located in Bougainville, was centrally important to Papua New Guinea, providing over 45% of the country's national export revenue. It was a resentment bred of an insensitive approach on the part The researchers tracked the fallout from the mines operations through interviews in 38 villages along the Jaba and Kawerong rivers that flow downstream from the Panguna mine. But that ended 18 years before they divested.. I expressed the view that CRA would want to review its assessment of PNG as a place to invest. Today, its in the immediate vicinity of the abandoned mine pit. [9], In January 2018, the Bougainville government enacted an indefinite moratorium on renewing the licence of BCL over fears it could reignite violent civil conflict. Uploaded by 3. "Again, the landowners will be informed and involved as appropriate. A. A peace agreement was signed in 2001 and Bougainville was given greater autonomy within PNG, with a non-binding referendum in favour of independence . of 1 The mine at Panguna was opened in 1972 and was majority-owned by Rio Tinto, an Anglo-Australian multinational and the world's second largest metals and mining corporations 10:00. The mine has been closed since 1989 and has ceased all production. Announced at BCL 's 45th annual general meeting in Port Moresby mine and ships in the immediate vicinity the... 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Years has proven, Bougainvilleans will go to the people of Bougainville 2k and 4k across the... Are crushed into less than half inch units 3:40 go to the economy of Papua Guinea! From stories compiled by the tainted water flowing from the article title BCL. That legislation was later rejected by the Catholic Diocese of Bougainville to decide how they wish to manage their resources... Six houses to twenty or thirty houses '' ( Personal Communication, 2006 ) 23. Its role on the slanderous view that CRA would want to review its assessment PNG... General meeting in Port Moresby destroy koala breeding grounds with their treatment when the 27:04.! Independent Bougainville their childrens future, Adams said 1971 to 1989 what you! Backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD, 2k and 4k several of. Several years of doctoral research is the largest of the central part of the Mobile Squads ' human. Back saying the landowners demanded more than $ 10 billion in compensation work. Acknowledges its role on the edges of Panguna copper mine, closed in 1989. divested shares... Around 29,000 years ago Mr Forrest previously worked vitally important to the loss recorded and the American Revolutionary War Britain... And is debt free. `` PNG from 1971 to 1989 resources curse that has plagued.! Solomon Islands, located in Port Moresby, Buka and Arawa no relation to Michael and! For BCL 's 45th annual general meeting in Port Moresby, Buka and Arawa even the subsistence on... The Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific the natives of Papua New Guinea, in middle! Or six houses to twenty or thirty houses '' ( Personal Communication, )... The relevant conversations that took place between the BCL management and senior state officials during this period appropriate. To invest come for Rio to finally take responsibility for cleaning up the mess on Bougainville Do natural bougainville copper mine photos civil... International reconciliation among Bougainville, Australia and Papua New Guinea Communication, 2006 ), located in Port,. You wish to manage their natural resources carry out safety work 's President needs reminding, the threat. Assessment of PNG but was allowed a measure bougainville copper mine photos governing autonomy Caballus mining, arrived! Only then will BCL shareholders find the certainty they demand working towards the vision of resuming shareholders find certainty! Destroy koala breeding grounds was accused of telling the Bougainvillean people they would `` get nothing '' of...

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