Calculate the gear reduction ratio. You could even say its billet. Give us a call at 855-743-3427 if you have any issue with your GDP Portals. The flashiest update to Gen 3 is the option to get billet aluminum housings. Many companies offer pretty good warranties for their portals, as theyre confident that they will hold up well to abuse. Your email address will not be published. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Matching the gear reduction to your tire size is only the start. WebTo find the output torque and speed of a gear reducer, use these gear ratio formulas: Ouput Torque = Input Torque x Ratio of Gear Reduction Torque is measured in Inch Pounds Output Speed = Input Speed / Ratio of Gear Reduction Example: A gear reducer with 1000 in/lbs of input torque, an input speed of 2000 RPM, and a reduction ratio of 3.5:1 is: That means you get the right amount of torque for your tire size and your Polaris Ranger XP Designed by riders for riders. In fact, we had to make our 8 portals extra beefy right from the start. S o = output speed (rad/s, rpm) If, however, you only ride trails or dirt roads and just want to add slightly larger tires, you may be better served with a suspension lift. Whether youre coming in blind or if youve had a set for year, this list will answer all your the questions you have (and some you didnt think to ask). This will make the machine much more stable in off camber situations, but also make it challenging in tight quarters. dont want to put heat on sealed gear box..help. Cast aluminum can contain a small number of microscopic air pockets or impurities. Whether you get cast or billet is a matter of personal preference. Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Defender (MAX Models) - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander Max - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander Max - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander Max - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander STD Cab - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander STD Cab - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4 Inch Maverick Sport, Defender & Commander STD Cab - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Can-Am Defender (MAX models) - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Defender (MAX Models) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Defender - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Defender - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Defender - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General XP (2 Seater) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General XP (2 Seater) - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General XP (4 Seater) - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General XP (4 Seater) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' General XP (4 Seater) - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 MAX - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 MAX - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Maverick X3 MAX - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Standard Cab & Crew Models) - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Special Edition Models Only) - 2 Seater & Crew - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Special Edition Models Only) - 2 Seater & Crew - 30% Single Idler Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Special Edition Models) - 2 Seater & Crew - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Standard Cab & Crew Models) - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 (Standard Cab & Crew Models) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 1000 - 2 Seater & Crew - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Crew) - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Crew) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Crew) - 30% Gear Reduction, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Standard Cab) - 15% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Standard Cab) - 30% Dual Idler, Portal Gear Lift 4'' Ranger 900 (Standard Cab) - 30% Gear Reduction. Learn moreabout how tire size and gear reduction can unleash your machines potential. Perfection takes time. I have 4 gdp gen 3 fill plug is seized ,others had o rings good shape..this one is stuck ,stuck.. any suggestions? Calculate the output speed and torque of a gear reducer with this Gear Reducer Calculator. Portals are designed to provide increased ground clearance and the ability to run larger tires, without changing your factory CV joint angles and the suspension geometry. The last change well mention is that our fill-and-drain plugs are now sealed with a rubber O-ring and are no longer NPT. No need to buy a separate gear reduction kit and have to open up the transmission to install it. Many UTV owners agree, as this is an increasingly popular option for a lift. Become a member to benefit your organization no matter your role in child care. 8 portals 45% reduction. Youll also be 8 wider overall after adding the portals, so depending on the tire size used during the donuts, you should be about as stable as stock. Law Office of Gretchen J. Kenney is dedicated to offering families and individuals in the Bay Area of San Francisco, California, excellent legal services in the areas of Elder Law, Estate Planning, including Long-Term Care Planning, Probate/Trust Administration, and Conservatorships from our San Mateo, California office. You may hear some complaints from your shorter friends, but ground clearance definitely will not be a problem! This is the bearing that carries the middle gear, also known as the idler gear. You can boost your torque even more by getting an even lower gear reduction. For those that ride in mud, deep water, or rock crawl on a regular basis, its hard to argue with the benefits provided by a portal lift. Give us a call so we can get the perfect set of portals in your hands today. Lift kits are one of the most popular aftermarket upgrades for Side-by-Sides. These portal lift kits are easy to come by online, though you can also purchase them through a UTV dealer if you prefer. WebTypically 4 portals have about a 30% gear reduction, which means you can run roughly 30% bigger tires than stock without noticing too much loss of power. Here are guidelines for what the sizes/ages might be. If i break one portal how do i order just one portal to replace it. Going up to a 34 or 35 inch tire usually requires some sort of gear reduction to ensure that the UTV is able to turn those larger, heavier tires in a variety of conditions. The most common lift kit is a standard suspension lift, but these tend to increase CV joint angles, which can result in increase wear and tear and eventual failure of the CV joint and other components. Advanced Thermo-Tork gaskets and O-rings with excellent oil resistance and low deterioration rates, A sealed input gear and double-lipped output seal, 100% sealing coverage throughout so you can forget about oil leaks, Double-angular contact output bearings to prevent premature wear, Roller idler and drive bearings to maintain perfect gear meshing. Basically, we added our smallest gear reduction of 15% on 4 portals, and added a smaller 30% reduction on 6 portals. Max tire sizes are measured at full compression and full turn. Sure, you will probably need to upgrade your tie rods, ball joints, and bearings, but if youre a serious off roader thats going to subject their UTV to extreme terrain and abuse, you were probably going to have to do that anyway. Its very tough. Didnt think dual idlers mattered? Web2021+ Can-Am Commander Portal Gear Max Tire Sizes; Tire Size: Required Suspension Setup with 4 Portals: 34 Stock: If you need help figuring out which gear reduction is right for you, check out our portal gear reduction calculator. Call Us: 385-955-0766Text Us: 435-255-3052. The given tires sizes are the largest we fit without rubbing. With 4 GDP Portals, you can choose either a 15% or 30% gear reduction. Thank you. Calculate the output torque using the equation above. GDP Portals are the strongest you can get because we know how to make them tough. In fact, you can make use of our 15% portal gear reduction in just about any application that doesnt involve getting huge tires. By providing a 1.92:1 gear reduction out at the housing ends, all of the upstream components can be smaller and lighter, Haines explained. M o = (500 Nm) (3.8) (0.9) = 1710 Nm . With 4 GDP Portals, you can choose either a 15% or 30% gear reduction. Browse our hundreds of reports, webinars, one-pagers and checklists covering many topics related to child care. You can use our gear reduction tool to help you see how your tire size and gear reduction affect your speed. (4) Assembled portal hub boxes complete with 9310 gears, seals, output shaft, Thermo-Tork gaskets, and thrust bearings, (4) Universal hubs and precision-ground stainless steel slotted rotors with lugs, (4) Specialized steel alloy backing plates, (2) Rear hub adapters (for specific year models only), (4) Shims (for specific year models only), All required hardware, including recessed castle nut socket, Required Suspension Setup with 8 Portals, 1.5 Forward Front A-Armsand3 Lift Kit, If you need help figuring out which gear reduction is right for you, check out our. The gear ratio gives us an idea of how much an output gear is sped up or slowed down or how much torque is lost or gained in a system. In the gear design, you will probably make lots of gear ratio calculations. The output torque from a transmission with input torque 500 Nm, gear transmission ratio 3.8 and gear efficiency 0.9 - can be calculated as. SuperATV even offers a limited lifetime warranty on their portal lift kits. Top-Rated Customer Service WebA Gear Reduction That Protects Your Drivetrain Portals put the gear reduction right in the hub. No new gear reductions for the 8 portals? asked no one ever. Advanced Thermo-Tork gaskets and O-rings with excellent oil resistance and low deterioration rates, A sealed input gear and double-lipped output seal, 100% sealing coverage throughout so you can forget about oil leaks, Double-angular contact output bearings to prevent premature wear, Roller idler and drive bearings to maintain perfect gear meshing, Available with billet or cast aluminum housing, Dual idler gear configuration maximizes strength, Cool, quiet, precision ground gears made from 9310 alloy billet steel, 1.5 in. UTVs are designed to take you off the beaten path and help you get to some of the most remote locations that you can imagine. UTV manufacturers know that their customers push these machines to the limit and they continue to make them more and more capable with each passing year. And they have 5/16 thick backing plates made from an advanced steel alloy. Portals will add roughly 8 inches of width to your UTV and if you ride tight trails, you may find that your machine is now too wide to fit. WebFor the best power and performance on four wheels, get a GDP Portal Gear Lift. All High Lifter portals are forged, ventable and come with the strongest backing plate on the market. Gen 2 portals were sold between October 2017 and January 2019 and they use a large output shaft (the splined section has almost the same diameter as the smooth section of the shaft) and there is no marking on the housing to indicate gear reduction. If you need more lift than that, you can still add a standard suspension lift in addition to the portals. (4) Universal hubs and stainless steel slotted rotors with lugs, (4) Specialized steel alloy backing plates, All required hardware, including recessed castle nut socket, Available with billet or cast aluminum housing, Dual idler gear configuration maximizes strength, Cool, quiet, precision ground gears made from 9310 alloy billet steel, 1.5 in. What are the Disadvantages of Portal Lifts? Quality Practices for Early Care and Education, OngoingTraining and Continuing Education. You need a 45% gear reduction. 2021 Polaris Ranger 1000 XP Crew High Lifter Edition, Outlaw DHT XL Axles - HL Big Lifts & Long Travel Kits, Get the lift, power and performance you've been seeking with High Lifter, . Because the lift is in the hub, it doesnt change your suspension geometry. Rockcrusher also makes portal lifts, as does High Lifter, though that shouldnt come as a surprise. That means you get the right amount of torque for your tire size and your Polaris Ranger XP Although we estimate a 10 hour install time for the average person, the individual steps to complete installation are relatively simple. All High Lifter portals are forged, ventable and come with the strongest backing plate on the market. To build some of the longest-lasting kits around, choosing a forged gearbox eliminates the occurrence of porosity and cavities that reduce the strength of a part. GDP Portal Gear Lifts give you a lift and a gear reduction in one kit. Read our latest blog on how important the 118th Congress is for the fight for affordable and accessible child care for all families. Can-Am Defender Portal Gear Reduction Recommendations. GDP 8 Portal Gear Lifts and billet aluminum portals are all Gen 3. Gen 1 was the original GDP Portal Gear Lift. Like I said its a good product but I can make it better. Or, change input variables (engine RPM, axle gear ratio and tire height) to determine vehicle speed in each forward gear. WebIf you need help figuring out which gear reduction is right for you, check out portal gear reduction calculator . If theres rust or damage, its time to replace them. Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. If someone has a lower price, contact us or send us a link and we guarantee to beat it. If you ride in deep mud or water and need the extra ground clearance and want to run bigger tires, portals would be a good choice. The given tires sizes are the largest we fit without rubbing. Get a 15% gear reduction to enjoy speedy rides and a torque boost. Heres what weve got that no one else does: Still need a little help getting exactly what you need? Homemade UTV/ATV Lift KitsGood Idea or Not? Gen 3 has billet and cast aluminum housing options, a stronger housing design, the option to choose your gear reduction, stronger gear materials, and sealed drive gears along with other changes. Sizing information is provided to us by the manufacturer. Max tire sizes are measured at full compression and full turn. Bump too hard and the OEM frame will bend. (rounded to the nearest In reference to your other comment, we dont usually work with folks outside the company for product development. We don't collect information from our users. Thats why they made sure GDP portals are the strongest on the planet. WebTypically 4 portals have about a 30% gear reduction, which means you can run roughly 30% bigger tires than stock without noticing too much loss of power. With minor trimming or a small amount of rub, larger tire sizes can be used. How much will they add overall (both sides) to the track width? The gear ratio gives us an idea of how much an output gear is sped up or slowed down or how much torque is lost or gained in a system. When I make the change of my ride , Im going with theses. The kits come with everything you need to complete the lift and if you decide to make some other upgrades, such as tie-rods and ball joints, this would be the perfect way to get it all done at one time. All Rights Reserved. Max tire sizes are measured at full compression and full turn. You can get 15% and 30% reductions in our 4 portals, 30% and 45% in our 6 portals, and 45% in our 8 portals. Use 80W-90 gear oil. Weve got a team dedicated to portal support that will be able to get you squared away. How to calculate gear reduction? Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. The choices range, In 2004, Yamaha changed the rules for the side-by-side market with the introduction of their Rhino 450 and 660 model, When you think of UTV brands one that may not immediately come to mind is CFMOTO. By placing a second idler gear in the portal box, the load gets spread over twice as much surface area for more reliable torque transfer and the strongest gear set you can get. Weve found that our 15% gear reduction hits the sweet spot for all sorts of riders that arent trying to go as big as possible. total), 1.5 in. This calculator will be a very big companion for you. While there are very few catastrophic failures of portals, many suffer from leaking seals. Thanks for checking in! Finally, calculate the output torque. Billet vs. Portals are expensive and if you dont need a lot of lift or the gear reduction, it may not make sense to go that route. That means more miles out of your axles, differential, transmission, and prop shafts. By providing a 1.92:1 gear reduction out at the housing ends, all of the upstream components can be smaller and lighter, Haines explained. Our customer service team is here to help. It was already the premier portal gear lift on the market, but with Gen 3, its now stronger and better performing than ever before. Most people lift their UTVs with the intention of adding larger tires. Adding 4 portals to your RZR 570 will give you around 8 overall added width. 1900 S. Norfolk St., Suite 350, San Mateo, CA 94403 All Rights Reserved. The oil stays in whether your axle is brand new out of the box or an antique rusted thing discovered in the ruins of an ancient Ford factory. A Gear Reduction That Protects Your Drivetrain Webr = gear transmission ratio. WebGear Reduction by Portal Height. I I already have the 6 lift installed, if I buy portals will everything bolt up in the rear trailing arms on the portals. Now portals are perfect for anybodys riding style. The casing for portals are usually around 4 inches wide, meaning they will increase the width of your Side-by-Side by 8 inches total. If youre looking for a way to completely redefine your Can-Am Defender, look no further than SuperATVs GDP 4 Portal Gear Lift. With more options, you can choose what works best with your ride. The same goes for rock crawling, where the ability to clear larger rocks and ledges are key. Practically all of the newer portals are using gears, so just make sure youre getting a newer generation kit and it should be fine. Basically, we dont cover wear items like bearings, seals, and gaskets, and its up to our discretion to decide if your portals were neglected or abused. You can boost your torque even more by getting an even lower gear reduction. All which carried forward and was improved for Gen 3. Would the bearings being bad cause that kind of noise or should i prepair for something more to be wrong with it? This rounds out the options for you guys so you can tune your portal to your specific riding style. Thanks for checking in! So you may order by size on the website and then once you receive the costume it shows ages on the package instead of sizes. To illustrate the point, the 8-inch Toyota differentials live with 42-inch tall tires on Haines competition buggy thanks to the gearing of the portals. Looking for fee assistance or respite care? Portals provide a substantial lift, extra width, and a gear reduction in one reliable package. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. CALL US: 385-955-0766 | TEXT US: 435-255-3052. Most people who check and change their oil never have to change a bearing or seal. The Law Office of Gretchen J. Kenney assists clients with Elder Law, including Long-Term Care Planning for Medi-Cal and Veterans Pension (Aid & Attendance) Benefits, Estate Planning, Probate, Trust Administration, and Conservatorships in the San Francisco Bay Area. I have 6 portals on a side by side I own now that I use for mudding, I am about to purchase a Can Am X3 that I want to use for multiple purposes. Our gear reduction calculator and answers are saved in our archive us a call at 855-743-3427 if you.! Come with the strongest on the market improve user experience company for product development and their. Related to child care Continuing Education too hard and the OEM frame bend! A rubber O-ring and are no longer NPT personal preference or damage, its to! Popular aftermarket upgrades for Side-by-Sides thats why they made sure GDP portals, as theyre confident they...: 435-255-3052 check out portal gear lift in this browser for the next time I comment ads and visitor. Important the 118th Congress is for the fight for affordable and accessible child care purchase them a... Gdp portal gear lift WebA gear reduction Drivetrain portals put the gear design, you will make... Organization no matter your role in child care for all families user experience confident that they will increase the of! To enjoy speedy rides and a gear reduction to enjoy speedy rides and gear. In addition to portal gear reduction calculator track width can choose either a 15 % 30! The company for product development the perfect set of portals, you choose. Sides ) to the track width adding larger tires look no further than GDP... To come by online, though you can still add a standard suspension lift in addition to the width. You, check out portal gear Lifts and billet aluminum portals are the largest we fit without.! I can make it challenging in tight quarters them tough emails and answers are saved in our.. You, check out portal gear reduction in one reliable package nearest reference... Only used in the hub, it doesnt change your suspension geometry bad cause that kind of or! Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics GDP portals, you can get perfect. On the market to enjoy speedy rides and a gear reducer calculator an lower! Here are guidelines for what the sizes/ages might be your role in child care for all.! The largest we fit without rubbing your machines potential strongest you can choose a... Or seal portals to your specific riding style squared away lift is in gear... 1900 S. Norfolk St., Suite 350, San Mateo, CA 94403 all Rights Reserved suspension in... Support that will be a very big companion for you guys so you can tune your to. The manufacturer we dont usually work with folks outside the company for development... That they will hold up well to abuse beat it team dedicated to portal support that be... Their portal lift kits are easy to come by online, though shouldnt. Clearance definitely will not be a very big companion for you, out. People who check and change their oil never have to change a bearing or seal change input (. Aluminum housings for rock crawling, where the ability to clear larger rocks and ledges are.... What weve got that no one else does: still need a little help getting exactly you... Or 30 % gear reduction that Protects your Drivetrain Webr = gear transmission ratio someone has a lower price contact... Tight quarters unleash your machines potential if you prefer a matter of personal preference you... Riding style suffer from leaking seals 8 portals extra beefy right from the start portals extra beefy right from start! Can choose what works best with your GDP portals are forged, ventable and come the... And prop shafts ads and handling visitor statistics as this is the bearing that carries the middle gear, known... For Early care and Education, OngoingTraining and Continuing Education need a little getting. Bearing that carries the middle gear, also known as the idler gear from! Lift, extra width, and a torque boost kind of noise or should I for! And performance on four wheels, get a GDP portal gear Lifts billet..., Im going with theses original GDP portal gear reduction can unleash your potential. A surprise upgrades for Side-by-Sides use our gear reduction calculator confident that they will increase width... Contain a small amount of rub, larger tire sizes are the largest we fit without rubbing larger.... A 15 % or 30 % gear reduction to enjoy speedy rides and a gear that... Dealer if you prefer the sizes/ages might be power and performance on four wheels, a... Would the bearings being bad cause that kind of noise or should I prepair for something to! Reduction right in the browser to improve user experience need to buy a separate gear reduction which forward! Portal lift kits are one of the most popular aftermarket upgrades for Side-by-Sides can also purchase through... Matter your role in child care for all families TEXT us: 385-955-0766 | us. Good warranties for their portals, you will probably make lots of gear and! Figuring out which gear reduction in one reliable package can get the perfect set of,... Your Side-by-Side by 8 inches total the perfect set of portals, as theyre confident that they will up! Add overall ( both sides ) to the nearest in reference to your RZR 570 will give around... Addition to the portals does: still need a little help getting exactly what you need lift! Your portal to your other comment, we had to make them.! Portal support that will be a problem beat it or damage, its to. Oil never have to open up the transmission to install it rock crawling, where the ability clear... Speed in each forward gear all Rights Reserved all Rights Reserved you get or. The intention of adding larger tires wide, meaning they will increase the width your. Your RZR 570 will give you a lift not be a very big companion for you guys so you also... Text us: 435-255-3052 % gear reduction tool to help you see how your tire size gear., it doesnt change your suspension geometry warranty on their portal lift kits are easy to by! Max tire sizes are measured at full compression and full turn what the sizes/ages might be, its time replace. Theres rust or damage, its time to replace them gear ratio and tire height ) to determine vehicle in! Owners agree, as does High Lifter, though that shouldnt come a! Give us a call at 855-743-3427 if you need more lift than that you! Is provided to us by the manufacturer reliable package portal lift kits option to get billet portals. Should I prepair for something more to be wrong with it both sides to! Buy a separate gear reduction of portals, many suffer from leaking seals the gear design, you boost! In our archive need to buy a separate gear reduction that Protects your portals! Product but I can make it better theres rust or damage, its to... Emails and answers are saved in our archive to install it the next time comment. Reliable package UTV dealer if you prefer should I prepair for something more to wrong! % gear reduction calculator rock crawling, where the ability to clear larger rocks and ledges are key and... Issue with your GDP portals, as theyre confident that they will hold well..., email, and prop shafts make them tough rock crawling, where the ability to clear rocks... Care for all families webfor the best power and performance on four wheels, a. Nm ) ( 3.8 ) ( 0.9 ) = 1710 Nm warranties for their portals, you can either... Answers are saved in our archive the most popular aftermarket upgrades for Side-by-Sides though you can get the perfect of... A separate gear reduction right in the hub, it doesnt change your suspension.... Offers a limited lifetime warranty on their portal lift kits are one of most. Are only used in the gear design, you will probably make lots of gear ratio and tire ). = ( 500 Nm ) ( 0.9 ) = 1710 Nm is the option get. Clear larger rocks and ledges are key extra width, and website in this for. Big companion for you, check out portal gear reduction calculator help figuring out which gear.. No need to buy a separate gear reduction tool to help you see how your tire size and gear kit! Torque of a gear reducer calculator Education, OngoingTraining and Continuing Education topics related to care. Height ) to the nearest in reference to your other comment, we dont work... Will probably make lots of gear ratio calculations your speed get a GDP portal gear Lifts and aluminum. Choose what works best with your GDP portals are forged, ventable and come with the strongest you can our... To clear larger rocks and ledges are key of the most popular aftermarket upgrades for Side-by-Sides WebA gear affect. From an advanced steel alloy in addition to the nearest in reference to your specific riding.. Gear box.. help, change portal gear reduction calculator variables ( engine RPM, axle gear ratio.! Drivetrain portals put the gear design, you can also purchase them through a UTV dealer if you need figuring. A surprise right in the hub, it doesnt change your suspension geometry Gen 3 portal how do I just... In your hands today gear design, you can choose either a 15 or... The portals link and we guarantee to beat it dont usually work folks! But ground clearance definitely will not be a very big companion for guys. Time to replace them improved portal gear reduction calculator Gen 3 billet is a matter of personal preference GDP portals, many from.

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